Designing a Minimal Artificial Glycolytic Pathway

The canonical glycolysis generates two molecules of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) from one glucose through eleven cascade biochemical reactions. Here, we designed and constructed a Minimal Artificial Glycolytic (MAG) pathway consisting of only three types of biochemical reactions, with phosphoketolase as the core, combined with phosphatase and isomerase as auxiliary enzymes. It could theoretically achieve a 100% carbon yield to acetyl-CoA from any monosaccharide by integrating one-carbon condensation reaction. We tested the MAG pathway in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the catabolism of typical C1-C6 carbohydrates to acetyl-CoA with yields from 82% to 95%. This novel glycolytic pathway provides a promising route for biomanufacturing with stoichiometric productivity from multiple carbon sources in the future.