Human vein-to-artery endothelial cell fate transition is driven by VEGF/ERK activation and PI3K inhibition
Zhainib A Amir-Ugokwe, A. L. Pyke, Emily Trimm, Meenakshi Chakraborty, Xiaochen Fan, Lay Teng Ang, Kyle M. Loh, Kristy Red‐Horse
A stem cell-derived human vein-to-artery endothelial conversion model mirrors angiogenesis-derived embryonic arteries; VEGF plus PI3K inhibition alone yields 92% DLL4+CXCR4+ endothelium by 48 hours.
Development · Jun 15, 2026Peer-reviewedDevelopmental Biology✦ In-depth digest