A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?
C. Schittko, M. Bernard-Verdier, T. Heger, S. Buchholz, I. Kowarik, M. von der Lippe, B. Seitz, J. Joshi, J. M. Jeschke
The paper introduces the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI) to quantify ecological novelty by combining functional differences and temporal dynamics of species introductions, demonstrating its application in urbanization gradients and national scales.
bioRxiv · Oct 30, 2019Ecology