Innate Defense Mechanisms Against Nosema ceranae in Hygienic Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies
Mary Sydney Miller, Dawn L. Boncristiani, Jay Daniel Evans, P. Alexander Burnham, Cailin Barrett, Kaira Wagoner, Samantha A. Alger
This study links hygienic behavior in honey bee colonies to individual-level immune responses against Nosema ceranae, showing reduced infection and improved survival in hygienic bees.
PLoS ONE · Mar 4, 2026Peer-reviewedImmunology