Primary vitamin B12 limitation and widespread stress in Antarctic phytoplankton
Robert H Lampe, Deepa Rao, Riss M Kell, Rebecca J Chmiel, Nicole L Schanke, Soo Yoon Kim, Lauren E Lees, Francesco Bolinesi, Olga Mangoni, Raffaella Casotti, Cecilia Balestra, Hong Zheng, Dawn M Moran, Andrew E Allen, Matthew R McIlvin, , Mak A Saito
This study shows that vitamin B12, not iron, is the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, with implications for community composition and function.
bioRxiv · Nov 6, 2026 · PreprintEcology