Single-probe, amplification-free multiplex mRNA PNA-FISH maps bacterial gene expression in intact three-dimensional biofilms
Ana Barbosa, Heidi J. Smith, Albert Parker, Christopher J. Jones, Darla M. Goeres, Nuno F. Azevedo, Laura Cerqueira
This paper develops a single-probe, amplification-free PNA-FISH method to map bacterial gene expression in 3D biofilms, showing it accurately captures transcriptional changes without amplification.
bioRxiv · Nov 2, 2026 · PreprintMolecular Biology