Antibiotic tolerance due to filamentation shapes β-lactam pharmacodynamics in Escherichia coli
Aryan Ramachandran, Josia Pool, J. Arjan G. M. de Visser, Hilje M. Doekes, Aditi Batra
This study shows that cefotaxime has a two-step pharmacodynamic curve against E. coli due to filamentation and differential binding to penicillin-binding proteins, offering a mechanistic model for antibiotic action.
bioRxiv · Aug 26, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology