Non-trivial compositionality in chimpanzees: an experimental demonstration
Aurélie Le Fur, Alban Lemasson, Simon William Townsend, Mael Leroux
This study demonstrates that chimpanzees exhibit non-trivial compositionality by responding faster to call sequences from a single source, suggesting integrated meaning rather than independent utterances.
bioRxiv · Oct 11, 2026 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition