Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins
Marcin Kwissa, Manikannan Mathayan, Satyajeet S. Salunkhe, Velavan Bakthavachalam, Zijing Ye, Mark A. Sanborn, Samantha Condo, Aditi Upadhye, Athulith Nemakal, Justin M. Richner, Sanjib Basu, Richard M. Novak, Jeffrey R. Jacobson, Balaji B. Ganesh, Martha Cerda, , Jalees Rehman
This study examines immune dysregulation in Long COVID patients, finding persistent elevated anti-envelope and nucleocapsid antibodies and increased autoantibodies over six months.
bioRxiv · Aug 18, 2025 · PreprintImmunology