Assessing the defensive behaviour of Apis mellifera scutellata in its native range reveals its variability, organization and persistence
Daniela M. Ramírez-Moreno, Max Fritzler, Ann-Kathrin Pohle, Kavitha Kannan, Emily Rose Lippman, James Charles Nieh, K. Balkwill, Morgane Nouvian
The paper assesses defensive behavior in Apis mellifera scutellata, revealing variability, organization, and persistence in colony defense mechanisms compared to other subspecies.
bioRxiv · Oct 1, 2026 · PreprintEcology