Single-cell analysis suggests coordinated immune-cell redistribution between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in early multiple sclerosis
Nils Hallen, Sunjay Jude Fernandes, Soudabeh Rad Pour, Alexandra Gyllenberg, Yanan Han, Nicolas Ruffin, Narsis Kiani, Maria Needhamsen, Fredrik Piehl, Ingrid Skelton Kockum, Faiez Al Nimer, David Gómez-Cabrero, Jesper N. Tegner, Maja Jagodic
The paper uses single-cell sequencing to show coordinated immune-cell changes between blood and CSF in early MS, with CSF enrichment of memory T-cells and B-cells and depletion of cytotoxic populations.
bioRxiv · Aug 9, 2026 · PreprintImmunology