HMA proteins produce 2',3'-cNMP signaling molecules and activate CNL-mediated immunity in rice
Xiangyu Gong, Guoqing Niu, Shuyi Sun, Bingxiao Yan, Z. G. Li, Wei Tang, Pei Hu, Huakun Zheng, Meilian Chen, Nicolas Ponceler, Zhougeng Xu, Xing Lv, Hui Lin, Jiyun Liu, Ya Gao, , Zhan He
This study identifies HMA proteins in rice as sensors that generate 2',3'-cNMP signaling molecules, which are perceived by CNL LRR domains to activate immunity against blast disease.
bioRxiv · Mar 16, 2026 · PreprintPlant Biology