Extracellular vesicle-bound bacterial toxin pneumolysin triggers membrane engagement and damage beyond canonical pore formation
Aswathy C. Sagilkumar, Avinashi Lal Kushwaha, Anushka Shitut, Dheeraj Kumar Sarkar, Sruthika Sukumar, Subhajit Mahanty, Somnath Dutta, Jagannath Mondal, Karthik Subramanian
This study shows that pneumolysin, a bacterial toxin, can damage target cell membranes through vesicle fusion rather than pore formation.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · Sep 30, 2026Peer-reviewedMicrobiology