Goats who stare at wolves - identifying natural response stimuli for an affect-driven attention bias test in small ruminants
Jana Deutsch, Steve Lebing, Anja Eggert, Christian Nawroth
This study identifies visual stimuli perceived as threatening by goats using a looking-time paradigm, finding that predatory reptiles, especially snakes, elicit longer gaze duration.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science · Mar 17, 2026Peer-reviewedAnimal Behavior & Cognition