Municipal Wastewater in Ottawa, Canada contains a reservoir of bacteriophages with clinically relevant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Hosts
Sean E. Stephenson, Walaa Eid, Élisabeth Mercier, Robert Delatolla, Adam D. Rudner, Tyson Ernst Graber
This study identifies and characterizes bacteriophages in Ottawa's municipal wastewater that can infect clinically relevant E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains, showing high similarity to European phages but with genetic divergence.
bioRxiv · Sep 21, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology