Sex Differences in Acute Responses to Psychedelics: Evidence for Greater Subjective Intensity and Impairment in Female Participants
Natasha Leigh Mason, Eline C. H. M. Haijen, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Aline Frick, Stefan W. Toennes, Pablo Mallaroni, Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers
This study finds that female participants report greater subjective intensity and impairment during acute psychedelic experiences compared to males, independent of drug exposure and age.
bioRxiv · Aug 19, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience