Divergent roles of orexin and dynorphin in modulating VTA dopamine projections to the BLA after morphine exposure
Aida Mohammadkhani, Hadi Semizeh, Ijeoma Vivianne Ifionu, Min Qiao, Stephanie L. Borgland
This study shows opioids shift the neuromodulatory effect of LHox/dyn on VTA DA neurons projecting to BLA from inhibitory to excitatory via KOR signaling changes.
bioRxiv · Oct 28, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience