PD-1 blockade enhances T cell activation by reorchestrating CD28 and CTLA4 ligand interactions
Gee Sung Eun, Jonathan Boyd, Vinh Au, Andrew Garcia, Sašo Čemerski, Simon J. Dovedi, Kristen N. Pollizzi, Michael Loran Dustin, Rajat Varma
This study shows PD-1 blockade enhances T cell activation by altering ligand interactions between CD28, CTLA4, and PD-1, leading to stronger CD28-CD80 co-stimulation.
bioRxiv · Apr 15, 2026 · PreprintImmunology