The collective effect of non-nicotine constituents on the reinforcing and neuropharmacological effects of comprehensive cigarette smoke and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) aerosol extracts in rats.
Mark G LeSage, Peter Muelken, Samuel Howard, Sarah Wilde, John R Smethells, Aleksandra Alcheva, Thao Olson, Frances M Leslie, Shahrdad Lotfipour, Kenneth J Kellar, Irina Stepanov, Andrew C Harris
This study compares the reinforcing and neuropharmacological effects of cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol extracts with nicotine in rats, finding that non-nicotine constituents in cigarette smoke contribute to these effects.
bioRxiv · Nov 4, 2026 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology