(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine elicits rapid antidepressant effects by promoting astrocytic μ-δ opioid receptor heterodimerization
Yanxia Liang, Lingjun Wang, Yajie Li, Xiaoxue Li, Y Sun, Mengli Yang, Xuzhuo Guo, Junxu Mu, Chang Xu, Rupak Thapa, Ye Cheng, Huiqiang Zhang, Zecong He, Shi Yan, S M Yang, , Xiang Cai
This study identifies HNK's mechanism of action through astrocytic μ-δ opioid receptor heterodimerization, showing it restores these heterodimers and produces rapid antidepressant effects.
bioRxiv · Jun 3, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience