The atypical antidepressant tianeptine causes opioid-receptor-dependent beta oscillations in the rat hippocampus

Abstract

Introduction Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Data availability Declaration of competing... References According to the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases study, major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently the second largest worldwide contributor to years lived with disability (Ferrari, Santomauro, et al., 2024), and its prevalence is growing rapidly, particularly among adolescents and young adults (Zhang et al., 2025). Current first-line pharmacological treatment typically involves selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but these drugs have variable efficacy, therapeutic benefits can take weeks to arise, and cessation of treatment can result in a distressing discontinuation syndrome (Sharp and Collin ...