Intranasal Replicating Adenovirus type 4-SARS-CoV-2 Recombinants Induce Superior Immune Response Durability and Efficacy in Preclinical Testing Compared to Standard Intramuscular Vaccines
Breanna Kim, Rachel Roenicke, P J Roeder, Isabel Steinberg, Andy A. Patamawenu, Mitra Harrison, Freya van't Veer, Emma Koory, Jane Xie, Tulley Shofner, Kenta Matsuda, Eleanor Wettstein, Ellison Ober, Ceanna Cooney, Tae Sung Kim, , Mark Connors
This study compares intranasal and intramuscular vaccines, finding that the intranasal Ad4-S vaccine provides more durable and effective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical models.
bioRxiv · Feb 5, 2026 · PreprintImmunology