Convergent Evolution of Pain-Inducing Defensive Venom Components in Spitting Cobras
T. D. Kazandjian, D. Petras, S. D. Robinson, J. van Thiel, H. W. Greene, K. Arbuckle, A. Barlow, D. A. Carter, R. M. Wouters, G. Whiteley, S. C. Wagstaff, A. S. Arias, L.-O. Albulescu, A. von Plettenberg Laing, C. Hall, , N. R. Casewell
This study shows that three spitting cobra lineages independently evolved venom with increased pain-enhancing toxins, likely in response to hominin emergence.
bioRxiv · Jul 8, 2020Evolutionary Biology