J. Gau

Hawkmoths use wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation for aerial recovery to vortex ring perturbations

This study shows hawkmoths can modulate wingbeat frequency on a wingstroke-to-wingstroke timescale to recover from vortex ring perturbations, indicating active control strategies in insect flight.

Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange

This study shows that indirect actuation in hawkmoths reduces flight power by enabling elastic energy exchange in the thorax.