Astrocytic μ-δ opioid receptor heterodimers mediate the antidepressant effects of ketamine's metabolite
Shuo Yang, Ling Jun Wang, Y Sun, X Y Ma, Yi Rong, Tsz Hei Fong, Tianxiang Li, Di Deng, Xiao-Xue Li, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Yan-Xia Liang, Xianzhang Bu, Tao Peng, HJ Xu, C Wang, , Q Zhou
This paper identifies HNK as a compound that targets astrocytic μ-δ opioid receptor heterodimers to mediate antidepressant effects through Gs signaling and CREB activation.
bioRxiv · Jun 3, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience