Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus
S. C. Suess, J. Werner, A. M. Saller, L. Weiss, J. Reiser, J. M. Ondracek, Y. Zablotski, S. Kollmansperger, M. Anders, B. Schusser, T. Fenzl, C. Baumgartner
This study examines movements of chicken embryos before and after a noxious stimulus to determine when nociception begins, finding significant beak movement in 15- to 18-day-old embryos.
bioRxiv · Apr 20, 2023Animal Behavior & Cognition