Animal Behavior & CognitionbioRxiv
Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus
S. C. Suess, J. Werner, A. M. Saller…·C. Baumgartner
This study examines movements of chicken embryos before and after a noxious stimulus to determine when nociception begins, finding significant beak movement in 15- to 18-day-old embryos.
DOI 10.3390/ani13182859