BioinformaticsbioRxivPreprint
Xenograft supervision and joint methylation-fragment-end encoding define a reusable molecular scoring layer for cell-free tumor DNA
Xuchao Zhang, Xiaojun Sun, Rui Wang…·Fan Zhang
ctDNA-BERT scores individual bisulfite reads for cell-free DNA methylation analysis, achieving high accuracy in cancer staging without cohort-specific retraining.
DOI 10.64898/2026.10.26.761533