Evolutionary BiologybioRxivPreprint
Adaptation to free-living drives loss of beneficial endosymbiosis through metabolic trade-offs
Erika M. Hansson, Irma Vitonytė, Guy Leonard…·Michael A. Brockhurst
The paper shows that adaptation to free-living conditions in algal endosymbionts leads to loss of host benefits, driven by metabolic trade-offs, with nitrogen availability as a key factor.
DOI 10.64898/2026.04.16.718893