Planktonic functional diversity changes in synchrony with lake ecosystem state

Managing ecosystems to effectively preserve function and services requires reliable tools that can infer changes in the stability and dynamics of a system. Conceptually, functional diversity (FD) appears a viable monitoring metric due to its mechanistic influence on ecological processes, but it is unclear whether changes in FD occur prior to state responses or vice versa. We examine the lagged relationship between planktonic FD and abundance-based metrics of system state (e.g. biomass) across five highly monitored lake communities using both correlation and non-linear causality approaches. Overall, phytoplankton and zooplankton FD display synchrony with lake state but each lake is idiosyncratic in the strength of relationship. It is therefore unlikely that changes in plankton FD are identifiable before changes in more easily collected abundance metrics. This suggests that FD is unlikely to be a viable early indicator, but has value as an alternative state measure if considered at the lake level. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=75 SRC="FIGDIR/small/495076v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (19K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7c688org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7b170borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@125e6e9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15af9bf_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Data accessibility statementLake Kinneret and Lake Kasumigaura data are available on request, with all other data publicly available and referenced throughout. All code for analysis is available in the Zenodo record (to be released) and the associated GitHub repository (https://github.com/duncanobrien/plankton-FD).