TLR4 signaling in presence of HIV-induced activation enhances programmed death ligand-1 expression on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and modulates their function
M. Patel, S. Singh, A. Davidow, J. Dai, P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
This study shows that TLR4 signaling in HIV-infected individuals enhances PD-L1 expression and modulates pDC function, contributing to immune suppression.
bioRxiv · Jul 5, 2022 · PreprintImmunology