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Pre-existing immunity to influenza viruses through infection and/or vaccination leads to viral mutational signatures associated with unique immune responses during a subsequent infection

This study shows that host immune history from infection or vaccination influences viral mutation patterns during subsequent influenza infections, with vaccinated mice showing more mutations than preinfected-vaccinated mice.

Computational assessment of the spike protein antigenicity reveals diversity in B cell epitopes but stability in T cell epitopes across SARS-CoV-2 variants

The paper assesses changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigenicity across variants, finding diversity in B cell epitopes but stability in T cell epitopes, suggesting T cell-based vaccines may be more durable.

Male sex and age biases viral burden, viral shedding, and type 1 and 2 interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets

This study shows that male sex and age in ferrets affect viral burden, shedding, and interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection, with older males showing delayed antiviral responses.