Evolutionary BiologybioRxiv
Beyond venomous fangs: Uloboridae spiders have lost their venom but not their toxicity
Xiaojing Peng, Ludwig Dersch, Josephine Dresler…·Giulia Zancolli
This study investigates Uloboridae spiders' venom loss and toxicity, finding they lack venom glands but retain toxin-like genes in digestive fluids with different toxic mechanisms.
DOI 10.1186/s12915-025-02248-1