Engineering human spinal microphysiological systems to model opioid-induced tolerance
H. Cai, Z. Ao, C. Tian, Z. Wu, C. Kaurich, Z. Chen, M. Gu, A. G. Hohmann, K. Mackie, F. Guo
This paper develops human spinal microphysiological systems to model opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, showing altered neural activity and receptor downregulation with prolonged opioid exposure.
bioRxiv · Oct 3, 2022Bioengineering