African elephants address one another with individually specific calls
M. A. Pardo, K. Fristrup, D. S. Lolchuragi, J. Poole, P. Granli, C. Moss, I. Douglas-Hamilton, G. Wittemyer
The paper shows wild African elephants use individually specific calls to address conspecifics without imitating receivers' vocalizations, indicating a non-imitative name analog in non-human species.
bioRxiv · Aug 25, 2023 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition