ZoologybioRxivPreprint
Pumping Venom: Valvilli Architecture and Implications for Stinger Functionality
Alexandre Casadei‐Ferreira, JOHAN P. J. BILLEN, Sebastian Büsse…·Evan P. Economo
This study characterizes the internal structure of ant valvilli using imaging techniques, revealing non-uniform morphology and movement patterns that challenge existing models of stinger functionality.
DOI 10.1101/2025.08.28.672817