Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans

Dominant neuroanatomical models hold that humans regulate their movements via loop-like cortico-subcortical networks, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), thalamus, and sensorimotor cortices (SMC). Inhibitory commands across these networks are purportedly sent via transient, burst-like signals in the {beta} frequency (15-29Hz). However, since human depth-recording studies are typically limited to one recording site, direct evidence for this proposition is hitherto lacking. Here, we present simultaneous multi-site depth-recordings from SMC and either STN or thalamus in humans performing the stop-signal task. In line with their purported function as inhibitory signals, subcortical {beta}-bursts were increased on successful stop-trials and were followed within 50ms by increased {beta}-bursting over SMC. Moreover, between-site comparisons (including in a patient with simultaneous recordings from all three sites) confirmed that {beta}-bursts in STN precede thalamic {beta}-bursts. This provides first empirical evidence for the role of {beta}-bursts in conveying inhibitory commands along long-proposed cortico-subcortical networks underlying movement regulation in humans.