Critical dynamics arise during structured information presentation: analysis of embodied in vitro neuronal networks

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAmongst the characteristics about information processing in the brain, observations of dynamic near-critical states have generated significant interest. However, theoretical and experimental limitations have precluded a definite answer about when and why neural criticality arises. To explore this topic, we used an in vitro neural network of cortical neurons that was trained to play a simplified game of Pong. We demonstrate that critical dynamics emerge when neural networks receive task-related structured sensory input, reorganizing the system to a near-critical state. Additionally, better task performance correlated with proximity to critical dynamics. However, criticality alone is insufficient for a neuronal network to demonstrate learning in the absence of additional information regarding the consequences of previous actions. These findings have compelling implications for the role of neural criticality.