DigitalPedon: A Novel Digital Twin Framework for Soil Profile Monitoring and Global Soil Data Interoperability

The Digital Pedon (DP) is an open-source Python framework that represents a soil profile as a continuously updated digital twin, bridging three persistent gaps in soil science: disconnected models and observations, cross-database interoperability, and the inference gap between raw sensor signals and agronomically meaningful variables. Integrating real-time sensor streams, model-based solver chains (Model-Zoo), GLOSIS-compliant ontology mapping, and a novel LLM agentic interface layer enabling natural language soil queries, the DP supports applications spanning precision agriculture, digital soil mapping, and environmental sustainability assessment. Four proof-of-concept experiments confirm automatic profile initialisation fidelity, solver chain consistency, ontology compliance, and user-defined solver extensibility.