Mitochondrial Derived Vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase

Abstract

Vesicular transport is a means of communication. While cells can communicate between each other via secretion of extracellular vesicles, less is known regarding organelle-to organelle communication, in particularly in the case of mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of energy and for essential metabolic pathways in the cell, as well as fundamental processes such as apoptosis and aging. Here we show that functional mitochondria, isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae release vesicles, independent of the fission machinery. We were then able for the first time to isolate these Mitochondrial Derived Vesicles (MDVs) and found that they are relatively uniform in size, of about 100nm and carry selective protein cargo including enrichment of ATP synthase subunits. Remarkably, we further found that these MDVs harbor a functional ATP synthase complex. Moreover, we demonstrate that these vesicles have a membrane potential, produce ATP, and seem to fuse with naive mitochondria. Our findings reveal a possible delivery mechanism of ATP producing vesicles, which can potentially regenerate ATP deficient mitochondria and may participate in organelle to organelle communication.