Pharmacology & ToxicologybioRxiv
Teratogenic Drug Topiramate Upregulates TGFβ1 and SOX9 Expression in Primary Palatal Mesenchyme Cells
S. K. Rafi, J. P. Goering, A. J. Olm-Shipman…·I. Saadi
This study shows topiramate increases TGFβ1 and SOX9 in palatal mesenchyme cells, potentially causing orofacial clefts through GABA receptor activation.
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0246989