Pharmacology & ToxicologyToxicological SciencesPeer-reviewed
Cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and causes alterations consistent with HIF-1α inhibition in human primary breast organoids
S. A. Rocco, L. Koneva, L. Y. M. Middleton…·J. Colacino
This study shows cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and HIF-1α activity in human breast organoids, suggesting it disrupts mammary gland development rather than promoting cancer.
DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfy112