Positive indirect effects more than balance negative direct effects of ungulate grazers on population growth of a grassland herb
T. Richards, M. Thomann, J. Ehrlen, J. Agren
The paper quantifies direct and indirect effects of ungulate grazers on the population growth of Primula farinosa, finding that positive indirect effects outweigh negative direct effects.
bioRxiv · Jul 24, 2022 · PreprintEcology