ImmunologybioRxiv
Tobacco, but not nicotine and flavor-less electronic cigarettes, induces ACE2 and immune dysregulation
A. C. Lee, J. Chakladar, W. T. Li…·W. M. Ongkeko
This study finds that smoking increases ACE2 expression and inflammation, while vaping without nicotine or flavor does not, suggesting potential differences in COVID-19 risk.
DOI 10.3390/ijms21155513