Allen C. Steere

This study uses long-read assemblies to show that genetic modules across multiple plasmids organize Borrelia burgdorferi strain variation and influence virulence in Lyme disease.

This study identifies bacterial enzymes that modify peptidoglycan fragments from Borrelia burgdorferi, showing they are poor immune stimulators and that host enzymes like PGLYRP2 are less active in joint fluids, contributing to persistent arthritis.

This paper shows that HLA-DR-expressing fibroblast-like synoviocytes can present Lyme autoantigens and activate CD4+ T cells when stimulated with IFN-gamma and Borrelia burgdorferi.