Animal Behavior & CognitionJournal of The Royal Society InterfacePeer-reviewed
Robust spatial self-organization in crowds of asynchronous pedestrians
Takenori Tomaru, Yuta Nishiyama, Claudio Feliciani, Hisashi Murakami
This study examines bidirectional pedestrian flows and finds that asynchronous stepping without external cues leads to robust spatial organization, while synchronized stepping disrupts lane formation and increases collision risks.