Tryptophan and brain disorders

This study shows that LPS-induced inflammation reduces social motivation and alters ultrasonic vocalizations in male mice, indicating inflammation's impact on social communication.

This study investigates how time of day affects kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis and inhibition in rats, showing phase-dependent changes in KYNA levels and KAT II enzyme activity.

This study identifies artemether and EFL9 as inhibitors of kynurenine production through distinct mechanisms, offering potential new therapeutic approaches for targeting tryptophan metabolism.

This study shows prenatal anti-oxidant treatment reduces maternal immune activation-induced increases in alcohol self-administration, with effects seen primarily in male offspring.

This study identifies PAX6 as a critical predictor of MDD using transcriptomic data from 3,114 individuals and validates its expression in PBMCs and the amygdala.

This study links transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in healthy females to specific inflammatory profiles using Bayesian regression and PCA, showing associations between social withdrawal and monocyte counts, and anxious-depression with stress-induced inflammation.

This paper develops IFN-β as a safe in-vivo model of human inflammation, inducing robust sickness responses with minimal cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers aged 18-75.

This study identifies novel biomarkers in atypical depression with psychotic symptoms using multi-omics and brain organoids, revealing immune and neurological alterations.

The paper shows that Kmo produces 3-HK, which promotes macrophage lysosomal acidification via kainate receptor antagonism, enhancing resistance to Salmonella infection.

This study maps tryptophan metabolites across multiple tissues, sexes, and ages in mice, revealing significant variations in metabolism that could inform disease-targeted therapies.

The paper identifies MRI-derived markers in the VTA linked to depression diagnosis and symptom severity, showing distinct patterns of neuroinflammation and microstructural changes.

This study compares serum tryptophan pathway alterations in chronic METH and MDMA users, finding distinct metabolic changes linked to psychiatric symptoms.

This study identifies two clusters of severe mental disorder patients with differing illness severity, finding elevated pro-inflammatory serum proteins in the more severe group.

This study shows that BT2, an inhibitor of BCKDK, reduces plasma tryptophan by displacing it from albumin, revealing an off-target effect on tryptophan metabolism.

The paper develops a computational model to explore how inflammation, serotonin levels, and brain activity interact, and how anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments affect depressive symptoms.

This study shows that parental Kmo genotype affects offspring behavior and sleep in sex-specific ways through changes in the kynurenine pathway and brain mitochondrial function.

The paper shows N-formylkynurenine (NFK) undergoes non-enzymatic deamination to form reactive adducts, distinct from kynurenine (KYN), highlighting a new branch of the kynurenine pathway with implications for immune regulation and protein modification.

This study uses GRIT to measure tryptophan dynamics across species and scales, revealing links between tryptophan metabolism, inflammation, and behavior.

This study establishes a novel mouse model of prenatal IL-17A imprinting, showing embryo-restricted responses lead to behavioral deficits in offspring.

The paper identifies intron retention (IR) as a biomarker for depression and shows its utility in discovering recovery pathways through RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

This study shows that LPS-induced inflammation reduces GABAergic interneuron markers and BDNF in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, suggesting a link to MDD pathophysiology.

This study shows OCT2 regulates tryptophan availability in the brain, affecting SSRI efficacy in a depression model.

The paper investigates how inhibiting kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) affects sleep disturbances caused by kynurenine in rats.

This study shows that a grape-derived polyphenol preparation reduces depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice by altering microglia morphology and modulating inflammatory pathways.

The paper investigates how acute systemic inflammation affects mental effort allocation and decision-making, finding reduced acceptance of medium-effort tasks with preserved accuracy.

This study examines sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice, finding differential impacts on weight, anxiety-like behaviors, and inflammatory markers.

This study shows that inhibiting KAT II reduces KYNA levels, improving sleep quality in rats exposed to embryonic kynurenine and in controls.

The paper shows that prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress in mice causes social deficits in male offspring, which can be prevented by microbiome modulation or dopamine activation.

This study examines how clenbuterol reduces immune activation in adolescents exposed to LPS and links immune biomarkers to anhedonia.