L. D. Peters

This study generates engineered extracellular vesicles to modulate T cell activation in type 1 diabetes by presenting HLA-A2 and costimulatory molecules, showing they can activate or suppress CD8+ T cells depending on PD-L1 presence.

This study shows that IGF1 and IL-2 together expand regulatory T cells more effectively than either alone, through distinct signaling pathways and receptor expression changes.