Ian Hay Brown

This study shows bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to efficiently use NeuGc receptors in cattle, enhancing replication without significantly altering zoonotic risk.

This study examines HA mutations in bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses, finding they retain avian receptor binding but show increased HA stability, potentially raising zoonotic risk.

This study compares antigenic profiles of post-infection antisera from pigs and ferrets against human influenza A(H1N1pdm09) viruses, finding similar reactivity but limitations in detecting antigenic drift variants.

This study analyzes Swine Influenza A Virus (SwIAV) genomic diversity in England from 2014 to 2021, identifying new HA clades and genotypes within the 1B lineage.

Cattle B3.13 H5N1 polymerase gained PB2 M631L and PA K497R, boosting replication in bovine and human cells via better bovine ANP32A use; later PB2 E627K and D740N add activity.

This study inoculates hens with H7N7-LPAIV precursors to model how they lead to H7N7-HPAIV outbreaks, showing partial protection but not complete prevention of H7N7-HPAIV replication.

This study shows pigeons are not easily infected by H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus and cannot transmit it to other birds or chickens.

This study investigates the factors driving the shift in dominance from H5N8 to H5N1 HPAIVs in wild birds, finding that viral pathogenicity and immune responses differ between subtypes.

The study shows cow mammary gland cells can support replication of multiple IAV strains and are susceptible to co-infection with human and avian IAVs, suggesting the udder may act as a site for viral reassortment.

This study sequences PPMV-1 isolates from the British Isles between 1983-2023, identifying three genotypes and tracing the spread of a virulent genotype from Europe to China and Australia.

Haemagglutinin of US cattle and goat H5N1 binds only avian-type receptors and fuses at pH 5.9; seven emerging cattle mutations did not switch receptor preference.

The paper validates optimized methods for avian influenza virus isolation in specific pathogen-free embryonated fowl eggs, reducing isolation time while maintaining sensitivity.

This study detects H5N1 HPAIV in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions, identifies affected species, and traces the virus's origin and potential spread.

The paper uses citizen science data to identify wild bird species associated with HPAIV outbreaks in poultry, showing the value of such data for rapid disease surveillance.

This study evaluates HA functionality of UK H5N1 avian influenza viruses from 2020-2022, finding they retain strong avian phenotype with low zoonotic threat.

This study compares the transmission and pathogenesis of H5N8 and H5N1 HPAIVs in pheasants and partridges, finding differences in susceptibility and viral spread between species.

The paper analyzes genetic diversity of H5 avian influenza in the UK from 2020-2022, identifying reassortment events and tracking subtype shifts between H5N8 and H5N1.