Ocular immune privilege in action: the living eye imposes unique regulatory and anergic gene signatures on uveitogenic T cells

Despite ocular immune privilege, circulating retina-specific T cells can trigger autoimmune uveitis, yet intraocular bleeding--a relatively common event--rarely leads to disease. Using an in vivo immune privilege model, we previously reported that all naive retina-specific T cells entering the eye become primed in situ; about Ob% become FoxpO+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs), while the rest fail to induce pathology. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and functional validation revealed distinct phenotypes in both populations: ocular Tregs were highly suppressive, whereas non-Tregs expressed suppression- and anergy-associated genes and lacked regulatory function. Trajectory analyses suggested that Tregs and anergic cells arise from a common proliferative precursor in parallel, rather than sequentially. Our data indicate a key checkpoint governing the divergence of anergic and regulatory fates. These findings provide molecular-level insights into ocular immune privilege and may inform strategies to silence autoimmune effector cells or reverse T cell unresponsiveness in cancer, vaccination, or chronic infection. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=160 SRC="FIGDIR/small/640701v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (41K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e13f5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b065feorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f83014org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ca8f0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIEye-primed retina-specific T cells develop distinct tolerance-associated phenotypes. C_LIO_LIEye-induced anergic T cells remain hyporesponsive to antigen re-stimulation. C_LIO_LIRegulatory and anergic T cells differentiate in parallel from a common precursor. C_LIO_LIInduction of T cell anergy is a novel feature of ocular immune privilege. C_LI